Start

 

PHRASES FOR EXPRESSING OPINIONS

 

 

I think….	I believe….
I feel….	I suppose….
I guess….	According to me….
In my view….	In my opinion….
In my eyes….	It seems to me that….
From my perspective….	From my point of view….
From my view point….	As far as I’m concerned….
Personally, I think….	I’d like to point out that….
What I mean is….	Generally it is thought that….
Some people say that….	Well, it is considered that….
It is generally accepted that….	My impression is that….
It goes without saying that….	I hold the view that….

I’m of the opinion that….

 

What is your opinion about Moyobamba?

Personally, I think Moyobamba is a good place to live. There are minimarkets, parks, and tourist attractions such as thermal waters, waterfalls, and even an airport near Moyobamba, in Rioja. You can see orchids and trees in many areas.

What is your opinion about Moyobamba?

In my view Moyobamba is more quiet than other cities in San Martin. You can go to the parks, drink juice at cafeterias, try traditional food in restauarants. In general, it is a nice city, capital of San Martin. People say it is not very commercial, but it is good to live there.

What is your opinion about Lamas?

I think Lamas is near Tarapoto, around 40 minutes. You can enjoy the view, you can also enter the Castle of Lamas. Some people enjoy traditional food or they also have pizza and chicken near the main square. People usually go there on weekends.

What’s your opinion about Sauce in San Martin?

I guess Sauce is very popular. Tourists love visiting Sauce. You can take pictures in the Blue Lagoon. You can also eat fish and other traditional dishes such as Tilapia, gamitana, paiche, zúngaro. People swim in the lagoon and ride boats. Tour guides tell stories. It is a good place to go with the family and friends.

 

What is your opinion about Chachapoyas?

I’d like to point out that this city is very interesting. The weather is cool, not hot as it is in Tarapoto. There are good hotels and restaurants for tourists. People are nice and very friendly. You can visit The Gocta waterfalls. The landscape is spectacular. You will enjoy it.

 

What is your opinion about Peru, your country?

From my point of view, my country is amazing. I know we are a developing country, so the streets are small and city administrators don’t have much experience when they govern; however, there are nice landscapes, friendly people, and fantastic food. The nature is spectacular. You will love it.

 

What is your opinion about Iquitos?

I guess ___________________________________________

 

What’s your opinion about Piura?

In my opinion _____________________________________

 

 

Are you from Peru?

Are you from Sisa?

Are you from the northeastern rainforest in Peru?

Do you like traditional food from San Martin?

Do you like chicken or pizza?

Do you consume Juane and Tacacho?

Do you have brothers and sisters?

What is your opinion about Ahuashiyaco waterfalls?

What is your opinion about the food in San Martin?

 

Are you from Peru? – Yes. I was born in San Martin, Peru. I like my region. My country is hospitable and has nice landscapes.

Are you from Sisa? – No. I am from Moyobamba, which is the capital city of San Martin. It is nice and quiet. There are good restaurants and some tourist attractions.

Are you from the northeastern rainforest in Peru? – Yes. I live in Moyobamba. I usually go to recreational centers to relax. The weather is not as hot as in Tarapoto.

Do you like traditional food from San Martin? – Yes. I like Juane and others. We also consume fish. Fish is different from the coast of Peru. We have Tilapia, Gamitana, Boquechico. Restaurants also prepare Ceviche from the coast but using fish from the coast.

Do you like chicken or pizza? – I like both. However, I don’t consume much because it is not good for my health. I drink water to be healthy.

Do you consume Juane and Tacacho? – Yes. Those are traditional food from the northeastern rainforest in Peru. People consume that every day.

Do you have brothers and sisters? - ______________________

Conditional ZERO

            Cause                  Effect

           Present               Present

If Veronica eats less, she loses weight.

If Veronica eats less, she gets sick.

If Veronica drinks more water, she is more healthy

If you go to bed late, you don’t sleep your 8 hours.

If you go to Lamas, call me.

If you make Juane, call me.

If you want to go to Yurimaguas, invite me.

Invite me if you want to go to Yurimaguas.

Call me if you make Juane.

What do you eat if you go to Lamas?

What does your mother eat if she goes to Ahuashiyaco?

Where do you go if it is a holiday?

I go to the river if it is a holiday

I eat Pizza if I go to Lamas.

If Veronica wants chicken, she goes to La Canga.

If Veronica is bored, she plays volleyball.

If Veronica works on Sunday, she gets bored.

If Veronica wants Juane, she goes to Mercadillo.

If Veronica needs fruit, she goes to Huayco.

If Veronica wants to rent a car, she calls her friend Mary.

If Veronica wants to play volleyball, she goes to the park.

If Veronica cooks fish, she invites her friend Mariana.

If Veronica cleans her house, she feels better.

If Veronica swims in The Mayo, she asks her friends to take pictures.

If Veronica goes shopping, she calls Martha.

If Veronica goes to the church, she feels better.

If I want to travel, I call my friends.

If I watch a movie, I feel happy.

If I watch a movie, I fall asleep.

If I watch a movie, I prepare popcorn.

If I want to eat chicken soup, I go to Caldos del Aguila.

If I need chocolate, I go to Inmaculada Minimarket.

If I prepare Ceviche, I invite my friend Carlos.

If my family makes Lomo saltado, everybody gets happy.

If my family makes Aji de gallina, we invite our relatives.

If we go to San Pedro, we swim in the river.

If we go to San Pedro, I buy Majambo.

If I go to Moyobamba, we go to Thermal waters and waterfalls.

If I go to Chazuta, I eat chocolate and Tilapia.

 

Conditional ONE

            Cause                  Effect

          IF Present               Future will-can-may

 

If Veronica eats less, she will lose weight.

If Veronica eats less, she will get sick.

If Veronica drinks more water, she will be more healthy

If you go to bed late, you will not (won’t) sleep your 8 hours.

What will you eat if you go to Lamas?

What will your mother eat if she goes to Ahuashiyaco?

Where will you go if it is a holiday?

I will go to the river if it is a holiday

I will eat Pizza if I go to Lamas.

If Veronica wants chicken, she will go to La Canga.

If Veronica is bored, she will play volleyball.

If Veronica works on Sunday, she will get bored.

If Veronica wants Juane, she will go to Mercadillo.

If Veronica needs fruit, she will go to Huayco.

If Veronica wants to rent a car, she will call her friend Mary.

If Veronica wants to play volleyball, she will go to the park.

If Veronica cooks fish, she will invite her friend Mariana.

If Veronica cleans her house, she will feel better.

If Veronica swims in The Mayo, she will ask her friends to take pictures.

If Veronica goes shopping, she will call Martha.

If Veronica goes to the church, she will feel better.

If I want to travel, I will call my friends.

If I watch a movie, I will feel happy.

John will work hard if Jenny speaks to him.

 

Conditional TWO

            Cause                  Effect   à Imagination in present, not real.

          IF Past              Future would-could-might

 

If Veronica ate less, she would lose weight.

If Veronica ate less, she would get sick.

If Veronica drank more water, she would be more healthy.

If you went to bed late, you would not (wouldn’t) sleep your 8 hours.

 

 

Conditional THREE       (yesterday, last, ago)

            Cause                  Effect   à Imagination in past, not real.

          IF had eaten      Future perfect: would have-could have-might have

 

If Veronica had eaten less, she would have lost weight.

If Veronica had eaten less, she would have gotten sick.

If Veronica had drunk more water, she would have been more healthy.

If you had gone to bed late, you wouldn’t have slept your 8 hours.

If Jesus Manuel had traveled to Italy, he would have spoken Italian.

If Jesus Manuel had gotten married last year, he would have been sad.

If Johan had graduated last year, she would have traveled to Mexico.

If Veronica had lived in Russia, she would have understood Russian.

Practice: Complete

 

1. _____ Mariela plays sports, she gets more relaxed.

2. Mariela would study more if she _____ (have) more time.

3. If Mariela _____ (eat) pizza yesterday, she _____ (get) sick.

4. I would have ___ (play) sports if my father ____ (arrive) earlier.

5. If I ____ (be) you, I wouldn’t eat too much chicken.

 

 

Questions:

1. Do you like pizza?

2. Can you make pizza? How do you make it?

3. What is your favorite food?

4. Can you make it?

5. Could you describe your family?

6. Are they all professionals or work for a company?

7. What do you think about your family?

8. What would you have studied if you had been your mother?

 

 

1. Do you like pizza?   – Yes. I think it is easy to prepare. I usually have it in Tarapoto or Lamas. On weekends sometimes I go there.

2. Can you make pizza? How do you make it?   - I Can. I buy the pre-cooked pizza at the supermarket. Then, I add some ingredients on it and put it in the oven.

3. What is your favorite food?    - I think it is Ceviche. I don’t eat it every day. I just eat it eventually when the weather is hot or my friends want it.

4. Can you make it?     - Yes. I just buy some fish at the market. I make lemon juice and add some onions. Ceviche is easy to make. Others add celery and hot pepper.

 

5. Could you describe your family?    - Yes. My parents live in Chachapoyas. My father works in the farm and my mom is usually at home. My brother Carlos is a good cook and my sister Maria is a secretary. She works in the municipality.

6. Are they all professionals or work for a company?     - My older siblings work. My little brother studies in high school.

7. What do you think about your family?    - My family is united. They love gathering for especial holidays and birthday parties. I love my family.

8. What would you have studied if you had been your mother?     - If I had been my mom, I would have studied a professional career such as accounting or administration. My mom takes care well of the house. She is a good mom.

 

 

Pronunciation:

ted – ded à /red ded ted/

ned yed shed ved ched ped med led, etc à No-e

 

Group 1            Group 2            Group 3            Group 4            Group 5

 

Visited              washed             conquered        watched            jumped

Played              lived                 served              decided             twisted

Listened            studied             waited               imitated             exploited

Worked             dusted              opened             omitted             evacuated

Tempted           cleaned             loved                stopped            liberated

Slipped             smiled               calmed              cooked             decoded

 

 

 

 

 

 

Past simple.                   Present perfect simple – have/has

Past perfect simple – had

Visited did visit                     visited

Played  did play                    played

Listened                                 listened

Ate                                          eaten

Swam                                     swum

Wrote                                      written

Read                                       read

Was – were                            been

Came                                      come

 

I visited Cuzco last year.         I have visited Cuzco three times.

I didn’t visit Cuzco last year.   I had visited Cuzco three times by last year.

I ate fish yesterday.                 I have eaten fish for a long time.

I didn’t eat fish yesterday.       I had eaten fish for a long time when I met you.

Silvia swam in Sauce last year. Silvia has swum in Sauce since 2010.

                                                Silvia had swum in Sauce by 2010

                                                By 2010, Silvia had swum in Sauce.

Vero wrote a book last month. Vero has written a book so far.

                                                Vero had written a book by yesterday.

                                                     By yesterday, Vero had written a book.

I lived in Yuri 10 years ago.     I have lived in Yuri, Arequipa, and La Libertad.

                                                I had lived in Yuri and Arequipa by 2015.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Where did you study high school?

        I studied high school in Bagua. I enjoyed time with classmates and friends. I remember sports and celebrations. I used to play for championships.

 

2. When did you enter UPeU?

        I entered in 2014. I remember I took a test. I made a few friends the first day. My first teacher was Mr. Gonzales.

 

3. What have you eaten a lot since 2015?

        I have eaten a lot of rice and chicken. It is common to eat rice and chicken here in my country. Dishes such as Juane, spaghetti, and Papa a la huancaina.

 

4. Where have you lived since 2019?

        I have lived in Tarapoto. It is interesting and very hot. I usually go to the river and play sports on weekends. People are like that here.

 

5. Had you visited Cuzco when you entered UPeU?

Yes. I had visited Machupicchu and the Mountain of colors. I entered UPeU in 2015. And I visited Cuzco in 2013.

 

6. How many cities had you been to by 2018?

        I had visited 5 cities. Piura, Cuzco, Moyobamba, and Rioja. I want to visit more cities now. Probably, Tacna and Arequipa. They are interesting cities in Peru.

 

Practice:

 

1. Where ____ you ____ (work) in 2012?  - I worked for Honda Tarapoto

 

2. Where ____ you ____ (work) since 2012 until now?   I’ve worked for Movistar

 

3. Where ____ you ____ (work) by 2012?        I had worked for Claro and Honda

 

 

 

1. When ___ you ___ (finish) high school?  I finished in 2011

 

2. What ___ you ___ (study) so far?   I have studied Computers.

 

3. What ___ you ___ (learn) to cook when you were 8?  I had learned Juane.

 

 

1. Why ___ you ___ (travel) to Cuzco last year?  I wanted to visit the city

 

2. Why ___ you ___ (come) here so early?  I have come early because I am punctual

 

3. Why ___ you ___ (travel) to Cuzco when you entered UPeU?  I had traveled because it was a high school trip.

 

1. In 2019, my mother ____ (visit) Cuzco. She ____ (visit) Cuzco before. Now, we are in 2021 and I ____ (not visit) yet. Probably next year.

 

visited – had visited – have not visited

 

2. My sister Mary ____ (not eat) French food. However, my brother Ronald ____ (eat) French food yesterday. He ____ (eat) French food many times before since he lived for many years in Paris, France.

 

has not eaten – ate – had eaten  

 

3. My brother ____ (live) in Panama for two years since 2019 when I ____ (visit) him last week.

 

Had lived – visited

 

 

 

1. I have never visited Cuzco. Probably next year.

When I was 15, I had visited Huaraz and Iquitos.

 

2. When I traveled to Iquitos, I had finished high school.

 

3. I have been to ten cities. I traveled to Arequipa last month. I had eaten Rocoto Relleno before arriving to Arequipa. It was in Lima.

 

4. My brother Raul cooked Aji de gallina last Sunday. He had never tried that dish before.

 

5. I played soccer and volleyball last Sunday. I had played these sports before.

 

6. I have never lived in Tacna. I would like to live there in the future.

 

7. My family has lived in San Martin since 2010. We lived in Cuzco in 2009.

 

 

Too – either (también – tampoco)

 

John has a friend too. Mario is not tall and his father isn’t either.

Jennifer is from Mexico. Joseph isn’t from Mexico and I am not either.

 

Camila wasn’t in Cuzco last year. Her family wasn’t either.

Marcos didn’t like the food today. Jessica didn’t either.

 

I will not travel to Australia. My father won’t either.

Carmen plays volleyball well. I do too.

 

John’s brother doesn’t eat fish. His mother doesn’t either.

John’s friends aren’t from Ecuador. Mary’s friends aren’t either.

 

I am from San Martin. My friend Jenny is too.

My father likes Ceviche. My mother does too.

 

Either – neither  (o uno o el otro – ni uno ni el otro)

 

Would you like Lomo saltado or Aji de gallina?      – Either

-         Neither

Would you like Coca kola or Inka cola?                          - Coca kola

-         Either

-         Neither

Would you get married with Raul or Jose?             - Either

-         Neither

-         Raul

You can travel either to Cuzco or Iquitos.

 

You cannot visit me neither in December nor January.

 

If you were rich, would you live in South America or North America?

 

Would you like to have one child or two children?

 

Would you marry a happy or a sad person?

 

Would you marry a short or tall person?

 

Would you like to live in a house or an apartment?

 

Would you like to work in San Martin or Lima?

 

 

Both – neither - either

 

What motorcycle would you buy a Honda Wave or Yamaha Cripton?

                Neither. I would prefer a XTZ 150.

 

Do you love your father or mother?

 

Do you consume more chicken or fish?

All – none (3 or +3)

 

Do you like Madre de Dios, Cuzco, or San Martin?

 

Would you like to travel to Australia, Canada, or Spain?

 

Would you like to eat tonight Cecina, Ceviche of octopus, or Suri?

 

Do you consume at home Pizza, Papa a la huancaina, or Lomo saltado?

 

Can you play well soccer, volleyball, or basketball?

 

Can you play the piano, guitar, or violin?

 

In which department of Peru would you like to live?

 

In which city would you like to open your business?

 

Some – any

 

Some (plural & non-count) positive, offer / ask question à algunos o algo de

Any (plural & non-count) negative, normal question       à algunos o algo de

Any    positive à cualquier

 

I eat some apples every week.

I don’t eat any apples every week.

 

I drink some water every day.

I don’t drink any water every day. Only when I play sports.

 

I take some pictures for Instagram every week.

I don’t take any pictures for Instagram every week.

 

I buy __ chicken every week at the market.

I don’t buy __ chicken every week at the market.

 

Would you like to drink __ coffee?

Can/could I have __ water, please?

Do you want __ food? I prepared a lot. Don’t worry.

Do you have __ books for children?

 

Do you like __ kind of fish? I want to make fried fish tomorrow.

Could I have __ cookies? I am hungry and I forgot to bring money.

Does your brother want __ drink? He looks thirsty.

 

I want to eat any food.

 

 

I visited __ friends in Nueva Cajamarca.

I didn’t visit __ friends in Sisa.

  

Yesterday, I went to Sauce. I took some pictures. I couldn’t take any pictures on my way there. The car was full of people. It was difficult to take pictures. In the lagoon I met some friends. But I didn’t take any pictures of them.

 

Last Sunday, I cooked Aji de gallina. I invited some friends to come home. We didn’t drink any soda, neither Inka cola nor Coka cola. However, we watched some movies in the afternoon. We didn’t watch any horror movies.

 

Last month, I traveled to Moyobamba. I bought some oranges and grapes. I couldn’t eat any grapes. I was full. I brought the grapes home. I will eat the grapes tomorrow. I didn’t buy any bananas. I forgot.

 

My mother drank some tea this afternoon. She didn’t eat any bread. She would like to have some new shoes. My father hasn’t bought any shoes for her yet. Maybe next Sunday in Tarapoto. My father is a good husband to her.

 

 

A lot – lots                    à

Many      only plural         à

Much      only non-count    à  Negative and question  * In Positive very much

 

People in San Martin consume a lot of rice. They don’t eat many oranges, they prefer bananas. They don’t drink much wine.

 

Mayte sells many books on vacation. She doesn’t sell much oil. Besides, she sells lots of rice and sugar.

 

My sister Jessica visits many recreational centers in San Martin. She doesn’t like much fish. She consumes a lot of chocolate and aguajina.

 

1. Mayte cooks __ chicken every Sunday for all her family.

2. My sister Jessica didn’t make __ Ceviche for us.

3. Veronica works with __ people. How __ water does she drink a day?

 

 

How many friends do you talk to every day?   - About 5 friends. We sometimes speak about our plans for the future. My friend Mary is getting married next year. She is a wonderful friend. I like her character and personality.

 

How much water do you drink a day?   - I drink about 4 glasses a day. I think people who play sports consume more water. They need to substitute the liquid they had consumed exercising.

 

How many friends do you have from UPeU?   - Around two hundred. However, I have a few friends who talk to me very often. My best friend from UPeU is Karen. She is nice and responsible.

 

How much meat do you consume a week?   - I’m not sure. I think 2 kilos of fish and chicken. My family is not vegetarian. They consume vegetables in salads and also fruit every day.

 

Do you consume many apples?   - Actually, I just consume bananas and oranges. Apples eventually. However, my sisters buys apples for herself because I don’t like it much.

Family and friends

 

I have a nice family. My family is wonderful. My family consists of two brothers and one sister. I have one child named Ronald and one daughter named Jenny.

My mother is a friendly lady who likes to make perfect dishes. She cooks interesting Peruvian dishes such as Lomo saltado, aji de gallina, or Juane. My father is from Tarapoto. I was born in Moyobamba.

I like to go to waterfalls and rivers. I don’t usually go to the beach because the beach is far from my city, around 15 hours by car or bus. On weekends people from my city go to rivers and waterfalls very often. It is hot every day in my city. It is different from other cities in the coast or high lands. My city is a tropical city. Full of vegetation. It is called the rainforest or selva in Peru. Last weekend, I went to Ahuashiyaco, waterfalls around 50 minutes from Tarapoto city, it is on the way to Yurimaguas. Families and friends in this city celebrate San Juan by the river. We make Juane, which is an especial dish made of rice and chicken and wrapped on an especial leaf. It represents the head of John the Baptist.

 

My city or my country

 

My city is called the City of Palm Trees. Tarapoto city is very popular in Latin America. Tourists from around the world have come here to enjoy the hot weather and the spectacular natural rainforest. If I were a tourist visiting my city, I would eat the traditional food and visit the lagoon called the Blue lagoon.

You can also go see the rivers, The Mayo and The Huallaga. These rivers are big ones. The Huallaga is bigger than The Mayo. The most interesting trips by boat start in Juanjui, which is around two hours from Tarapoto city. You will surely enjoy traveling on the river. The most traditional foods are Juane and Tacacho. Chicken soup in this city is different from other cities in the coast or high lands in Peru. Here we use yucca and sacha cilantro.

My country is located in the central-western region in South America, by the Pacific Ocean. My country is well-known by its Inca’s heritage, Macchuppicchu. However, nowadays people from around the world live in a few areas of my country. My country is hospitable to foreigners. However, foreigners should conduct themselves since we try to keep a quiet and festive environment. The Amazon River is around 40 minutes by plane or 2 hours by car adding three hours by boat.

What do you like about …..?   /Wharyulaik abaut/
What’s your opinion about ….?
Do you like your family?
Do you like your brothers and sisters?
Do you think you have a nice family?
Do you live in a good city?
Is your family from Peru?
Is your city a good one?
Do you have children?
Do you have an only child?
Where are you from?
Where’s your family from?
Does your family like Peruvian food?
What do you like about your city?
What do you think about your family?
Can you speak about your family?
Can you tell me a little about your family?
 

At the restaurant

 

Waiter: Good afternoon. Are you ready to order?

Mario: Yes. I would like to have some chicken soup and a small Ceviche.

Raul: Now, me. I want to order a glass of water, a slice of pizza, a little cheese, and some fruit salad. Besides, I want to order some rice and fried chicken.

Jenny: For me, please, bring me a cup of tea, a little sugar, some fruit salad, and an avocado sandwich.

Tony: For me, just bring me fried fish and rice. Do you have any banana cake?

Waiter: Sorry, we don’t. But we have vanilla cake and orange cake. Would you like order any of them? We have a lot.

Tony: Yes, bring me some orange cake. How much is the cake?

Waiter: 1 dollar.

Waiter: Thank you all. Wait a moment for it.

 

Passive: What does it mean in Spanish?

 

  BE Participle( visited, eaten, swum, written, played, called, brought, discovered)

I am visited by my relatives not very often.

My father is given some money every month. So, he goes to the bank for it.

My mother and my father are motivated by a psychologist every month.

 

I was given a diploma for first place at school.

My father was convinced to travel to Cuzco.

He was surprised by his boss at his birthday party.

The car was invented by Mr. Benz.

America was discovered by Columbus.

Peru and Chile were liberated by San Martin.

 

My father will be sent to work in Colombia.

My mother can be chosen to represent my city as best cook.

My friends have been called to help at the charity club.

My friend Ronny has been nominated for best soccer player at school.

 

Do you consume cheese?     - Not very often.

Do you consume a lot of pizza?   - Eventually.

Do you consume chicken?    - Once or twice a week.

Do you consume any pork?    - No. Yes.

Do you consume any soda?   - Not much.

Do you consume much junk food?    - I try not to.

Do you play sports?    - Yes. No. Not much. I try to.

Questions?

 

Is Tarapoto visited by tourists every day?   - Yes. It is a tourist spot.

Is Machuppicchu the most visited in Peru?   - Yes, definitely.

Was Tahuantinsuyo conquered by the Spanish?   - Yes. Around 6 hundred years ago.

Was the cellphone invented by Martin Cooper?   - I guess so. The Motorola.

Are Potatoes exported to Europe every week?   - Yes. They need it for food.

Is Ceviche considered one of the top dishes in the world?   - Yes. You’re right.

Will Transformers be shown next year?   - I guess so.

Have you been given a diploma or medal?   - Yes. A couple of times.

 

Where was the first soccer tournament occurred?   - I guess it was in England.

Why were you visited by your friends yesterday?   - It was my birthday.

Why was your cat eaten by your dog?   - The dog was probably hungry.

Why is cat eaten in Ica?   - They probably consider it is delicious or traditional.

Why is pork not eaten by Muslim?    - Because it is written in Qur'an, a book.

Why is Cecina eaten in Tarapoto?    - It is a traditional food. Many like it.

Why is beer forbidden by Muslim?   - They don’t consume alcohol.

Why is the woman considered a second-class citizen by Muslim?   - They think the man is the most important in the family.

Why were you called yesterday by your father?    - It was an emergency.

When was the airplane invented?   - I think it was in 1903.

When was the internet invented?   - In 1969.

When was the first laptop brought to South America?   - In 1988, Compaq Computer launched the first laptop. In Peru around 2004.

When was the TV invented?    - I think it was in 1922 or 1927.

When was the slim TV produced?   - In 2015.

When was whassapp used in Peru the first time?   - In 2014.